印度浦那未來大樓

Scope │ Issue 125

Future Towers, Pune, India

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MVRDV

MVRDV has completed its first project in India, Future Towers. Located in Pune, India’s 8th largest city and one of the fastest-growing cities in the country, Future Towers provides 1,068 apartments for a diverse section of the rapidly expanding population, a true vertical village that will house around 5,000 people in one building. MVRDV’s design for the Future Towers aimed to offer an alternative to this pattern, while still delivering apartments at the usual low price (since competition for new residents between different housing developments is fierce). Instead of a cluster of freestanding buildings, MVRDV’s response to the brief was a singular mountainous structure with peaks and valleys, under which 1,068 apartments are unified in one building. However, despite its expressive appearance, the design of Future Towers in fact stems from a series of methodical decisions based on MVRDV’s research into Indian housing.

MVRDV 完成第一個印度建築案"未來大樓"（Future Towers）。未來大樓位於印度第八大，也是全國發展最快的城市之一浦那（Pune），可為當地快速擴張的人口提供 1,068 間不同格局的公寓，可說是一棟容納約 5,000 人的垂直村莊。MVRDV 設計未來大樓的宗旨在於為這種模式提供不同的方案，同時兼顧低房價（因為建商之間爭搶新住戶的競爭非常激烈）。捨棄獨立建築群聚的設計，MVRDV 採用的是集山峰與山谷為一體的山巒式結構，將 1,068 間公寓全規劃在一棟建築中。儘管外觀看來特立獨行，未來大樓實際上是 MVRDV 對印度的住宅狀況做了深入研究後，透過一套計劃性決策所規劃的設計。

The slabs form a hexagonal grid, which allows for wide views from the apartments and leaves large open public courtyards at ground level. The ‘peaks’ allow for optimized daylight conditions and the resulting inclined roofs allow for a number of exterior terraces, both private and communal. Recessed balconies on the main facades of the residential slabs themselves hint at the diversity of the homes behind, with a mixture of normal size, double-height, double-width and even some L-shaped balconies. The strong graphical appearance created by the balconies is accentuated by large, brightly coloured openings known as “scoops” that puncture the building’s façade to connect with the central corridor, providing public meeting spaces and cross ventilation in all communal spaces in the process. These spaces—which originated in the need to provide refuge spaces to meet the fire code requirements for long corridors—help to give a sense of “neighbourhood identity” to different parts of the building, with each scoop designated for a different activity (such as yoga or mini golf) or for a different type of resident (such as teens or toddlers). The courtyards below are linked by four-storey-high triangular gates, creating a 500-metre-long walk, and also feature different uses, with some designated for play, and others for sport, garden spaces, and more. This impressive list of amenities was made possible by the scale of the development: With so many apartments in one project, luxury features such as a 50-metre lap pool only add a fraction to the overall cost. Though “context-sensitive”, “diverse”, and “community-focused” may not be the first terms that come to mind when imagining a building that houses over 5,000 people, MVRDV’s Future Towers is an attempt to upend those perceptions. It is a building that understands the demands of Indian housing and the expectations of Indian culture, and uses the context of a brand new township to reimagine how they can be combined in a way that is better for both residents and cities at large.

多排大樓形成的六邊形網格不僅讓公寓樓房擁有開闊的景觀，也在地面層留下大型開放式公共庭院。「山峰造型」(Peaks)可增加日照，形成的傾斜屋頂則可創造多個私人和公共陽台。從每排大樓主立面凹陷的陽台尺寸可看出後面住宅的多樣性，混合了正常大小、雙倍挑高、雙倍加寬，甚至還有些L形陽台。而稱為「勺子」(Scoops)的大型彩色開口，讓陽台形成的圖案式外觀顯得更搶眼。這些「勺子」穿破建築物立面，連接中央走廊，藉此為各個社區提供社交空間和交叉通風通道。原本是因應長廊建築的防火規範，為提供避難空間而設計的「勺子」，卻為整棟建築的各個區域帶來了「鄰里認同感」(Neighbourhood Identity)，每一個勺子都用於不同的活動（例如瑜伽或迷你高爾夫球）或不同類型的居民（如青少年或幼兒）。下方的多個庭院由四層樓高的三角形大門相互串連，形成一條 500 公尺長的步道，並且擁有不同的用途，有些是遊戲場所，有些是運動場地或花園等等。之所以能容納這麼多不同的設施，是因為開發的規模夠大，在公寓量這麼龐大的建案中，即使 50 公尺長正規游泳池這麼豪華的設施，也僅是總成本中的九牛一毛。雖然提到一座可容納 5,000 多人的建築時，「尊重歷史背景」(context-ensitive)、「多樣化」(Diverse)和「以當地居民為本」(community-focused)可能不是一般人首先想到的概念，但 MVRDV 試著藉由未來大樓顛覆這些想法。這是一座了解印度住房需求和印度文化展望的建築，它利用一座新鄉鎮的背景，重新思考如何以對城市和居民都更好的方式將它們結合起來。